The name Apollo-unlike the related older name Paean-is generally not found in the Linear B ( Mycenean Greek) texts, although there is a possible attestation in the lacunose form ]pe-rjo- 𐀟𐁊- though it has also been suggested that the name might actually read " Hyperion" (-pe-rjo-). Farnese collection, Naples, Italy.Īpollo ( Attic, Ionic, and Homeric Greek: Ἀπόλλων, Apollōn ( GEN Ἀπόλλωνος) Doric: Ἀπέλλων, Apellōn Arcadocypriot: Ἀπείλων, Apeilōn Aeolic: Ἄπλουν, Aploun Latin: Apollō) Apollo and Helios/Sol remained separate beings in literary and mythological texts until the 5th century CE.Įtymology Apollo, fresco from Pompeii, 1st century AD Apollo seated with lyre. In Latin texts, however, there was no conflation of Apollo with Sol among the classical Latin poets until 1st century CE. In Hellenistic times, especially during the 5th century BCE, as Apollo Helios he became identified among Greeks with Helios, the personification of the Sun. Apollo Agyieus was the protector of the streets, public places and home entrances. His oracles were often consulted before setting laws in a city. On the other hand, Apollo also encouraged the founding of new towns and the establishment of civil constitutions, is associated with dominion over colonists, and was the giver of laws. Protection of herds, flocks and crops from diseases, pests and predators were his primary rustic duties. The god himself is depicted with long, uncut hair to symbolise his eternal youth.Īpollo is an important pastoral deity, and was the patron of herdsmen and shepherds. Long hair, which was the prerogative of boys, was cut at the coming of age ( ephebeia) and dedicated to Apollo. As a kourotrophos, Apollo is concerned with the health and education of children, and he presided over their passage into adulthood. Protection of the young is one of the best attested facets of his panhellenic cult persona. The lyre is a common attribute of Apollo. He is the inventor of string-music and the frequent companion of the Muses, functioning as their chorus leader in celebrations. Apollo is usually described as carrying a silver or golden bow and a quiver of silver or golden arrows.Īs the god of mousike, Apollo presides over all music, songs, dance and poetry. The invention of archery itself is credited to Apollo and his sister Artemis. Apollo delivered people from epidemics, yet he is also a god who could bring ill health and deadly plague with his arrows. Medicine and healing are associated with Apollo, whether through the god himself or mediated through his son Asclepius.
He was in general seen as the god who affords help and wards off evil, and is referred to as Alexicacus, the "averter of evil". His oracles were often consulted for guidance in various matters. Īs the patron deity of Delphi ( Apollo Pythios), Apollo is an oracular god-the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle and also the deity of ritual purification. Apollo is known in Greek-influenced Etruscan mythology as Apulu.
He is considered to be the most beautiful god and is represented as the ideal of the kouros (ephebe, or a beardless, athletic youth). One of the most important and complex of the Greek gods, he is the son of Zeus and Leto, and the twin brother of Artemis, goddess of the hunt. Apollo has been recognized as a god of archery, music and dance, truth and prophecy, healing and diseases, the Sun and light, poetry, and more.
Apollo, God of Light, Eloquence, Poetry and the Fine Arts with Urania, Muse of Astronomy (1798) by Charles MeynierĪpollo or Apollon is one of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. This article contains special characters.
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